My mnemonics n' tricks..!

Hepatocellular carcinoma: aetiology, features ABC:
Aetiology:
Aflatoxins
Hep B
Cirrhosis
• Features:
AFP increased (classic marker)
Bile-producing (DDx from cholangiocarcinoma)
Commonest primary liver tumor

Goitre: differential GOITRE:
Goitrogens
Onset of puberty
Iodine deficiency
Thyrotoxicosis/ Tumor/ Thyroiditis [Hashimoto's]
Reproduction [pregnancy]
Enzyme deficiencies

Renal failure (chronic): consequences ABCDEFG:
Anemia
-due to less EPO
Bone alterations
-osteomalacia
-osteoporosis
-von Recklinghausen
Cardiopulmonary
-atherosclerosis
-CHF
-hypertension
-pericarditis
D vitamin loss
Electrolyte imbalance
-sodium loss/gain
-metabolic acidosis
-hyperkalemia
Feverous infections
-due to leukocyte abnormalities and dialysis hazards
GI disturbances
-haemorrhagic gastritis
-peptic ulcer disease
-intractable hiccups

Adrenal disorders: Cushing's vs Addison's Cushing: is
Gushing cortisol.
In Addison's: patient's cortisol doesn't Add up.


Aneurysm types MAD SCAB:
Mycotic
Atherosclerotic
Dissecting
Syphilitic
Capillary microaneurysm
Arteriovenous fistula
Berry

Nephrotic syndrome: hallmark findings "Protein LEAC":
Proteinuria
Lipid up
Edema
Albumin down
Cholesterol up
• In nephrotic, the proteins leakout.

Ovarian cancers: important types, by WHO classification •
Surface:
"My Sister Began Experiencing Cancer":
Mucinous
Serous
Brenner
Endometrioid
Clear
• Germ cell:
"Doctor Examined The Ovaries":
Dysgerminoma
Endometrial sinus
Teratoma
Ovarian choriocarcinoma
• Sex cord:
"She Felt Grim":
Sertoli-Leydig
Fibroma
Granulosa-theca
• Metastatic
"Killed":
Krukenberg

Kwashiorkor: distinguishing from Marasmus FLAME:
Fatty Liver
Anemia
Malabsorption
Edema


Hemolytic anemia types SHEEP T!T:
Sickle cell
Heriditary splenocytosis
Enzyme deficiencies: [G6P, pyruvate kinase]
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Trauma to RBCs
Immunohemolytics: [warm Ab, cold Ag]
Thalassemias: [alpha, beta]

Oral cancer risks PATH LAB:
Plummer-vinson syndrome
Alcohol
Tobacco
Human papilloma virus
Leukoplakia
Asbestos
Bad oral hygiene



Calculi: types CAlCUli:
Calcium
Ammonium magnesium phosphate
Cystine
Uric acid

Wernicke-Korsakoff triad Syndrome in alchoholics, who love
to "drink CANs of beer":
Confusion
Ataxia
Nystagmus

Wernicke-Korsakoff's psychosis: findings COAT RACK:
• Wernicke's encephalopathy (acute phase):
Confusion
Ophthalmoplegia
Ataxia
Thiamine tx.
• Korsakoff's psychosis (chronic phase):
Retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Confabulation
Korsakoff's psychosis

Atherosclerosis risk factors "You're a SAD BET with
these risk factors":
Sex: male
Age: middle-aged, elderly
Diabetes mellitus
BP high: hypertension
Elevated cholesterol
Tobacco

Duchenne vs. Becker Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy (DMD) : Doesn't Make Dystrophin.
Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD): Badly Made
Dystrophin (a truncated protein).


Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) subtype classification
Each subtype has 2 or 3 causes, plus something 1 or 2 more items.
MEN I is disease of 3 P's: [Pituitary, Parathyroid, Pancreas]
plus one more: adrenal cortex.
MEN II is disease of 2 C's: [Carcinoma of thyroid, Catacholamines
(pheochromocytoma)] plus two more: parathyroid for MEN IIa or mucocutaneous
neuromas for MEN IIB (also called MEN III).

Takayasu's disease is Pulseless disease "Can't Tak'a ya
pulse" (Can't take your pulse):
Takayasu's disease known as Pulseless disease, since pulse is weakened in the
upper extremities.


Hypercalcemia: symptoms of elevated serum levels "Bones,
Stones, Groans, Moans":
Bones: pain in bones
Stones: renal
Groans: pain
Psychic moans/ Psychological overtones: confused state